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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qatarization</span></span>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Qatarization</b> (or <b>Qatarisation</b>) is a governmental initiative devised to increase the number of <a href="Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatari</a> citizens employed in public and private sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-qf1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qf1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The target is 50% of the workforce in the Industry and Energy sector.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qatarization is one of the focuses of the <a href="Qatar_National_Vision_2030" title="Qatar National Vision 2030">Qatar National Vision 2030</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-qf1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qf1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>While the expatriate population has rapidly grown since the late 20th century, the <a href="Qataris" title="Qataris">Qatari population</a> has increased only at a marginal rate. Therefore, as a means to decrease dependence on foreign labor, the Qatari government has heavily prioritized Qatarization in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>The first Qatarization scheme was formulated in 1962, with Qatari Labor Law No. 3, which stipulated that Qatari nationals are to be given first priority for filling vacant positions in the workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-education_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A government census conducted in 1970 revealed that only 16% of the economically active population were Qatari nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-kobaisi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kobaisi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only industry with a higher proportion of Qatari citizens to foreigners was the oil industry, which was a result of Qatarization policies.<sup id="cite_ref-kobaisi_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kobaisi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In the early 1970s, after Qatar gained independence, administrative posts in the public sector were Qatarized. This resulted in 97% of the top administrative positions in the school system being occupied by Qataris by the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-education_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1997, an emiri decree stipulated that at least 20% of the employees of private sector businesses must be Qatari citizens. On 1 June 2000, the most comprehensive Qatarization program went into effect with the aim of reaching a 50% national workforce in the energy sector by 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-education_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-education-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program fell short of its target, with Qataris comprising only 28% of the labor force in the energy sector by the deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2></div>
<p>A study by the <a href="RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> found that Qatari women are twice as likely to be university-educated as males.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as a result of gender-exclusionary degrees in public universities, certain sectors are unable to benefit from the more proportionately educated female population.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic nationalism</a></li>
<li><a href="Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li>
<li><a href="Emiratisation" title="Emiratisation">Emiratisation</a></li>
<li><a href="Omanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Omanisation">Omanisation</a></li>
<li><a href="Saudization" title="Saudization">Saudization</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170604201404/http://www.qf.org.qa/content/about/jobs/qatarization">"Qatarization"</a>. Qatar Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qf.org.qa/content/about/jobs/qatarization">the original</a> on 4 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaryam_Al-Subaiey" class="citation web cs1">Maryam Al-Subaiey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/centers/doha/06_bdc_essay_winner.pdf">"Qatarization Policy – Implementation Challenges"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Brookings Doha Center. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-education-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-education_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-education_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-education_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDominic_J._BrewerCatherine_H._AugustineGail_L._ZellmanGery_W._Ryan2007" class="citation book cs1">Dominic J. Brewer; Catherine H. Augustine; Gail L. Zellman; Gery W. Ryan; Charles A. Goldman; Gery Ryan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h0X8Aw49gc8C&pg=PA19"><i>Education for a New Era: Design and Implementation of K-12 Education Reform in Qatar</i></a>. Rand Corporation. p. 19.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-kobaisi-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kobaisi_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kobaisi_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulla_Juma_Kobaisi" class="citation web cs1">Abdulla Juma Kobaisi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1856/1/1856.pdf">"The Development of Education in Qatar, 1950–1970"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Durham University. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG786.pdf">"Facing Human Capital Challenges of the 21st Century"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RAND-Qatar Policy Institute. 2008. p. 79<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG786.pdf">"Facing Human Capital Challenges of the 21st Century"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RAND-Qatar Policy Institute. 2008. p. 61<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaryam_Al-Subaiey" class="citation web cs1">Maryam Al-Subaiey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/centers/doha/06_bdc_essay_winner.pdf">"Qatarization Policy – Implementation Challenges"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Brookings Doha Center. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>
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